Research progress of statins on immune regulation of multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Objective The aim of this study is to summarize studies on statins used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods We searched some representing databases. Some studies were included if the effects of statins were tested on MS and EAE. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies checklist. Results Studies have confirmed that statins have immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and can be used in combination with immunomodulators of different mechanisms to treat MS and EAE. Statins have been shown to improve the following symptoms MS, reduce the number of attacks and the number of lesions, through immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and has a good safety profile. Conclusions In short, statins represent an attractive new measure for treating MS. Some studies indicate that in addition to immunomodulatory effects, statins may have neuroprotective and neuro-repairing effects. The combination of statins with other immunosuppressive drugs has also produced encouraging results. This can be broadly prospects prospected to treat MS and EAE. It is hoped that in the near future, a combination of statins with less adverse reactions and high efficacy combined with other immunomodulators will bring exact results to patients with MS (AU)

Chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in rats / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD) on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the spinal dorsal horns of rats.Methods:Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group ( n=9) and a CCD group ( n=33). The CCD group was subdivided into a 1d group ( n=6), a 3d group ( n=6), a 7d group ( n=9), a 14d group ( n=6), and a 28d group ( n=6) based on the post-operative time of the experiments. Before the operation for CCD and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days afterward the mechanical withdrawal threshold was detected for all rats. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of active β-catenin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the surgery. Seven days after the operation immunofluorescence was employed to detect the nuclear translocation of active β-catenin and the activation of astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Results:The average mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the CCD groups were significantly lower than that of the sham group at each time point. The western blotting showed that the expression of active β-catenin in the CCD groups was significantly greater than in the sham group at each time point. Seven days after compression the expression of GFAP in the rats′ dorsal horns was significantly higher than in the sham group. Immunofluorescence indicated nuclear translocation of active β-catenin and the activation of astrocytes in the dorsal horn.Conclusion:The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are significantly activated in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after CCD, at least in rats. It may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain.

Determination of L-norvaline and L-tryptophan in dietary supplements by nano-LC using an O-2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethylcarbamoyl-10,11-dihydroquinidine-silica hybrid monolithic column / 药物分析学报

An analytical methodology based on an O-[2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethylcarbamoyl]-10,11-dihydroquinidine (MQD)-silica hybrid monolithic column was developed for the enantioseparation of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) derivatized amino acids by nano-liquid chromatography. The mo-bile phase was optimized including the apparent pH, content of ACN, and concentration of the buffer to obtain a satisfactory enantioresolution performance. 27 FMOC derivatized amino acids including 19 protein and 8 non-protein amino acids were tested, and 19 out of them were enantiomerically discriminated obtaining baseline separation for 11 of them. Analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated for norvaline and tryptophan in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) showing good performance to be applied to the enantiomeric determination of these amino acids in dietary supplements. LOD and LOQ values were 9.3 and 31μM for norvaline en-antiomers and 7.5 and 25μM for tryptophan enantiomers, respectively. The contents of D-norvaline and D-tryptophan were below their respective LODs in all the analyzed samples. Quantitation of L-tryptophan and L-norvaline showed good agreement with the labeled contents except for one sample which did not show presence of L-norvaline, contrary to the label indication.

Incidence of lung cancer in Jiashan, Zhejiang province: trend analysis from 1987 to 2016 and projection from 2017 to 2019 / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To predict the incidence of lung cancer in Jiashan county from 2017 to 2019 on the basis of the incidence rates of lung cancer during 1987-2016.@*METHODS@#Lung cancer incident cases were derived from cancer registry system of Jiashan. Crude incidence, age-standardized incidence rate by the Chinese standard population (ASR China) and the world standard population (ASR world) were calculated. Annual percent change (APC) was used to examine the temporal trend, and the autoregressive integrated moving average method (ARIMA) of time series model was used to predict the incidence rates from 2017 to 2019.@*RESULTS@#There were 6103 lung cancer incident cases during 1987-2016 in Jiashan county. Averagely, the crude incidence rate, ASR China and ASR world were 53.77/10, 25.24/10 and 34.15/10, respectively. The crude incidence rate, ASR China and ASR world in male were 78.30/10, 34.77/10 and 51.87/10, which were higher than those in female (29.15/10, 14.31/10 and 17.99/10). Crude incidence rate increased from 27.58/10 in 1987 to 111.24/10 in 2016, and the APC was 5.28%. Crude incidence rate predicted by ARIMA model from 2017 to 2019 would be 135.64/10, 145.97/10 and 152.63/10, and the predicted crude incidence rate for 2017 was close to the real incidence rate in 2017 (135.95/10).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The incidence of lung cancer in Jiashan has been increased dramatically over the past 30 years and will continue to increase in the future.

The investigation on image quality and radiation dose of low dose wider detector array CT scanning for young children with congenital heart disease / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the image quality and radiation dose of the wider detector array CT scanner with low dose scanning mode in young children with congenital heart disease.Methods Totally 100 consecutive pediatric patients younger than 3 years with congenital heart disease were enrolled.They were divided into two groups.The low dose group with fifty patients underwent axial CT scanning with ECG gating,and the control group with fifty patients were scanned with volume helical shuttle (VHS) technique.CT number and noise of two groups images at the level of ascending aorta,main pulmonary artery,left ventricle,descending aorta and adjacent muscle were measured,and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated.The double blind method was used to evaluate subjective image quality of the level of intra-cardiac,extra-cardiac and coronary artery.Effective dose was also calculated for both groups.Results No significant difference was found in the CT number,image noise,SNR,and CNR between the two groups in the same anatomic regions (P ＞ 0.05).No significant difference was found in subjective image quality between the two groups for the intra-cardiac and extra-cardiac structure(P ＞0.05).The subjective image quality of coronary artery was significant higher in low dose group than the control group(4.10 ± 0.90 vs.2.88 ± 0.82,Z =-5.818,P ＜ 0.05).Effective dose was (0.57 ± 0.30)mSv in group A and (2.39 ± 1.15)mSv in group B with dose savings of 76％ (t =-11.642,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The wider detector array CT scanner with low dose scanning mode can improve image quality with lower radiation dose.

Liver fibrosis and stem cell therapy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Liver fibrosis is a common chronic liver disease, which is a stress response process of liver cells affected by one or more pathogenies for long term or repeatedly. During the fibrosis process, massive accumulated extracellular matrix can form scar tissue, which results in liver dysfunction or failure and seriously endangers the health of people. According to many independent reports, stem cell therapy can facilitate the alleviation of liver fibrosis. During the stem cell therapy, stem cells migrate to the injury site of liver and alleviate the liver fibrosis by improving the microenvironment of the scar area via paracrine way. This article reviews the formation, treatment, and stem cell therapy of liver fibrosis.

Anti-liver fibrosis activities of human insulin-like growth factor-1 in vitro / 中国药科大学学报

This study was focus on investigating the anti-liver fibrosis effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in vitro.The effects of IGF-1 on human liver L-02 cell viability and cell cycle were observed.CC14-induced L-02 cell injury was set up to detect the anti-apoptotic activity of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) induced hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6) were used as a liver fibrosis model in vitro to analyze the effects of IGF-1 on the expression of liver fibrosis proteins and intracellular TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in HSC-T6 cells.The results showed that IGF-1 could relieve the growth inhibition effects of TGF-β1 on L-02 cells,increase the viability of L-02 cells injured by CCl4,decrease the expression of liver fibrosis proteins,and inhibit the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad3.Our study suggested that IGF-1 exerted anti-liver fibrosis effects by stimulating L-02 cells proliferation,reducing cell damage and inhibiting ECM accumulation via interfering TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Relationship between chronic diarrhea with normal colonoscopy findings and terminal ileum lesions / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The causes and mechanisms of chronic diarrhea are complex. This study aimed to explore the relationship between chronic diarrhea with normal colonoscopy findings and terminal ileum lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All cases were collected from January 2009 to June 2010. The 40 patients in the patient group had chronic diarrhea with normal colonoscopy findings. Those who had hyperthyroidism, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, atrophic gastritis, short bowel syndrome and connective tissue diseases had been excluded. The control group contained 40 healthy individuals without diarrhea. Endoscopy of the terminal ileum was applied in both groups, with the endoscope inserted into terminal ileum for more than 20 cm. The patients diagnosed of chronic diarrhea with terminal ileum lesions were treated with metronidazole and probiotics for 10-14 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment there were significant differences in endoscopy findings of the terminal ileum between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the patient group, endoscopy showed congestion, edema, erosion and ulcers in 29 cases, hyperplasia and enlargement of lymphoid follicles in 10 cases with a maximal diameter of 7-8 mm, and 1 case showed normal endoscopy results. After treatment, 35 patients recovered from diarrhea, and terminal ileum lesions disappeared in 30 cases as determined by endoscopy. In the control group, endoscopy showed scattered hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in 5 cases, and the follicles were small with the maximal diameter being 3 mm. There was no hyperemia, edema, erosion or ulcers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chronic diarrhea patients with normal colonoscopy findings may have lesions in the terminal ileum that can be detected by endoscopy; including hyperemia, erosion, ulcers and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. Therapeutic effect is good with metronidazole and probiotics.</p>

Effect of snapshot freeze motion correction algorithm on image quality of coronary CT angiography without heart rate control / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To assess the effect of snapshot freeze (SSF) motion correction algorithm on the image quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA).Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients underwent coronary CTA without heart rate control.All of the CCTA images were reconstructed by the means of both standard (STD) and SSF motion correction.Image quality and interpretability of STD and SSF reconstructions were compared.CCTA images were interpreted with Likert 4-points score system by two experienced radiologists.The image qualities were assessed on per-artery and per-segment level,and interpretability was performed on per-segment,per-artery,and per-patient levels.Comparisons of variables were performed with paired Wilcoxon rank sum test and paired Chi-square test.Results SSF reconstructions showed higher interpretability than STD reconstructions on per-patient [100.0％ (31/31) vs 64.5％ (20/31),x2 =9.09,P =0.002] and per-artery [100.0％ (124/124) v s 83.9％ (104/124),x2 =18.05,P =0.001] and per-segment level [99.0％ (413/417) vs 89.2％ (372/417),x2 =35.56,P =0.001].Image qualities were higher with the use of SSF than STD reconstructions on LAD [3.3 ± 0.7 vs 2.9 ± 1.0,Z =2.70,P=0.007],LCX [3.1 ±0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.1,Z =3.23,P =0.001] and RCA [3.3 ±0.6 vs 2.1 ±0.9,Z =4.60,P =0.001],but they were similar on LM [3.9 ± 0.4 vs 3.7 ± 0.6,Z =1.89,P =0.059].Image quality was higher with the use of SSF versus STD reconstructions on per-segment [3.5 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 1.0,Z =10.31,P =0.001] level.Conclusions The use of SSF motion correction algorithm improves image quality and interpretability of coronary CTA without heart rate control.

The value of volume helical shuttle of high-definition CT in clinical path of tetralogy of Fallot in children / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To discuss the value of volume helical shuttle(VHS) of high-definition CT(HDCT) in diagnosis and clinical path of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF).Methods 88 preschool children with TOF were examined with VHS of HDCT and echocardiography(ECHO).60 children were received surgery.Based on surgical data,the results of VHS of HDCT were compared with that of ECHO,assessing the display ability of basic deformity of TOF,the intra-cardiac lesion,extra-cardiac lesion and hemodynamics.The radiation dose(mSy) were calculated.Results The diagnostic accuracy of HDCT was 95.0％ and the ECHO was 90.0％ on the positional display.The results of HDCT were slightly smaller than ECHO on the measure of size of VSD,P ＜ 0.05,the difference was significant between the two methods.The display on right-to-left shunt of VSD using HDCT were all coincided with ECHO.One quarter of the cases showed the left-to-right shunt simultaneously.Whereas all the cases were showed slow bi-directional shunt by ECHO.There are 99 deformity in pulmonary artery stenosis,including right ventricular hypertrophy,outflow tract stenosis,pulmonary stenosis.The results of HDCT,ECHO and the operation showed no difference.All the McGoon ratio of HDCT were obviously higher than ECHO,P ＜0.01.Statistical difference was significant.The coincidence rates in aortic straddles by HDCT and ECHO both were 98.3％.Each has one case misdiagnosed.37 other intra-cardiac lesions,for example,foramen ovale and atrial septal defect.VAS has 25 misdiagnosed places and ECHO has 8.88 other extra-cardiac lesions,such as one side of pulmonary artery stenosis or atresia,collateral circulation between systemic and pulmonary circulation,coronary artery abnormal,patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) and so on.The diagnostic accuracy of HDCT was 98.8％ and the ECHO was 59.1％.Average effective dose with HDCT was(1.58 ± 0.43) mSv.Conclusion VHS of HDCT scan has obvious advantages in the diagnosis of TOF.Multiple data can reflect intra-cardiac lesion,extra-cardiac lesion accurately and intuitively.The radiation dose was in the acceptable range.Combining the HDCT VHS and the ECHO will become the clinical path of preoperative diagnosis,differential diagnosis and making the operation scheme in children with TOF.

Quality control of flow cytometric immunophenotyping / 中华检验医学杂志

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has evolved from two-parameter quantitative measurement of peripheral blood lymphocytes to five-or more parameter qualitative evaluation of bone marrow and lymph node in hematopathology.Leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping represents an important addition to histomorphology in the diagnosis,classification and monitoring of hematolymphoid neoplasms.The complexity of five-or more parameter analyses and the interpretation of the data rely on standardization and validation of the instrument,the reagent and the procedure.In addition,clinical flow cytometry laboratories in U.S.A are required to document proficiency testing,sample preparation as well as accuracy,specificity,sensitivity and precision of methodology.CLSI and UCCC recommend that each laboratory should validate its own qualitative and quantitative procedures.This paper introduces the procedures for validation and quality control in a clinical flow cytometry laboratory in the United States.

A randomized prospective study of early steroid withdrawal in middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and validity of an early steroid withdrawal protocol including cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients. Methods Between September 2000 and April 2008, the prospective, randomized study design was used in 80 middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients. Steroid withdrawal group (n=39) with primary cadaveric kidney transplants received a protocol consisting of CsA 4～6 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) beginning at postoperative day 3, MMF 0. 75 g twice a day from the next postoperative day, and methylprednisolone (MP) 500 mg daily from day 0 to 3. Then prednisone (Pred) 20 mg daily was gradually tapered and withdrawn after postoperative day 30. Conventional steroid treatment group (control group, n=41) received a regimen consisting of CsA, MMF and MP, and Pred 20 mg daily. Pred was tapered to 5 mg daily over a period of 6 months, then maintained thereafter. Outcome parameters were patient and graft survival rates, renal function, acute rejection ( AR), arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus, weight gain and infection. Results The incidence of AR in the steroid withdrawal group was similar to the control group (23. 1% vs. 19. 5%, χ~2=0. 15,P>0. 05). Patient survival rates at 12, 24, 36 months were 97. 4%, 94. 8% and 88.0% in the steroid withdrawal group and were 97.6%, 97.6 and 87.8% in the control group, respectively (χ~2=0. 17, P>0. 05). And graft survival rates were 94. 9%, 88. 6% and 83. 7% in the steroid withdrawal group and were 95. 1%, 91. 5% and 79. 5% in control group, respectively (χ~2 = 0.07, P>0. 05). Conclusions In middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients, early steroid withdrawal is feasible and may not significantly increase the risk of acute rejection episodes.

Study on pathogenesis of gallbladder chaotic dynamics after partial gastrectomy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of gallbladder chaotic dynamics after partial gastrec-tomy. Methods 140 cases operated by partial gastrectomy after 6 months were randomly examined, they in-cluded one group of 40 cases by Billroth type and the other 100 cases by Eiselsberg type. The ultrasonograph was applied to evaluate the function of gallbladder dynamics and radio-immunity method to determine the content of CCK at the time of having no food and 30 minutes after med. Results BV and RV of Eiselsberg group were bigger than Billroth Ⅰ obviously P<0.05. Gallbladder contraction rate displayed not well obvi-ously as too. The plasm level of CCK had no manifested distinctions in empty stomach cases of the 2 groups, but the increasing gradient plasm level of CCK in Billroth Ⅰ exceeded Eiselsberg type. Conclusions The pathogenesis of gallbladder chaotic dynamics after partial gastrectomy was correlated with the alterative type of partial gastrectomy, the reduction of CCK plasm level, the damage of anterior vagal trunk hepatic branches during the operations and so on led to the disorder of gallbladder emptying and induced cholecystolithiasis.

Gasless laparoscopic surgery using abdominal wall lifting technique in the field of general surgery / 国际外科学杂志

Complications related to CO2 pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy surgery have led to the devel-opment of gasless laparoscopic surgery using abdominal wall lifting technique.The technique uses facilitate laparoseopic surgery without conventional pneumoperitoneum and markly reduced in the risks of anesthesiolo-gy,especially in old patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency.The review summarizes the application of gasless laparoscopie surgery using abdominal wall lifting technique in the field of general surgery.

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for patients with acnte respiratory distress syndrome as a result of CMV pneumonia after renal transplantation / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical application of noninvasive positive pressure ventila-tion for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a result of cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia after renaltransplantation. Methods There were 371 renal transplan-tation from March 2003 to October 2006, 27 patients were diagnosed as CMV pneumonia postopera-tion. Ten patients were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation within the 11 patients who aggravated to ARDS. The clinical data of before and after mechanical ventilation were reviewed. Results Among patients received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, 1 died of complication. Seven patients were cured by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Significant difference of the physiological index presented between the 7 patients cured with noninvasive positive pressure ventila-tion before and after the use of ventilation(P<0.05), and significant difference of the renal function also existed(P<0.05). Conclusion The major value of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is to correct the hypoxemia.

Study on prevention and treatment of pancreatic fistula due to pancreatic injury / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the principle and measures of prevention and treatment on pancreatic fistula due to pancreatic injury.Method:The clinical data of 131 pancreatic injury patients were analyzed retrospectively.Operation and combined therapy during perioperative were performed.Results:Among 35 cases(26.7%,35/131) with pancreatic fistula,3 cases shaped internal fistula showed by visualization and cured spontaneously after operations,9 cases with pancreatic pseudocyst after operations were treated by Roux-en-Y pancreatic cystojejunostomy,2 cases(5.7%,2/35) died of MODS and abdominal infections.The rest were recovered.The follow-up from 3 months to 5 years showed that there were no cases died of complications related to pancreatic fistula.Conclusions:Operation combined with multiple therapies was effective in the prevention and treatment of pancreatic fistula.